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NCTF 135 HA Near Shalford, Surrey

The NCTF 135 HA, also known as the Near Shalford Group, is a geological formation located in Surrey, England. It is part of the London Basin and has a complex geological history that spans from the Early Cretaceous to the Late Eocene.

Geologically, the NCTF 135 HA can be divided into two main stages: the Lower Greensand Stage (around 125-115 million years ago) and the Upper Chalk Stage (around 100-90 million years ago). During this period, the area that is now Surrey was a shallow sea, with deposits of sand, mud, and clay forming as a result.

During the Lower Greensand Stage, the NCTF 135 HA formed from the accumulation of sandy sediments, including sandstones, conglomerates, and grits. These sediments were deposited in a shallow sea environment, where the water was calm and the climate was warm. The sand grains were transported by currents and deposited on the sea floor, forming a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks.

As the sea continued to deposit its load of sediment, the sand layers became increasingly coarse-grained and the mud layers become finer-grained. This led to the formation of distinct bands of sandstone and mudstone that can be seen outcropping in the area today.

During the Upper Chalk Stage, the NCTF 135 HA underwent a series of transformations as the climate changed and the sea level fluctuated. The chalk layers, which are characterised by their distinctive white limestone composition, were formed from the skeletal remains of marine organisms such as planktonic foraminifera and calcareous algae.

As the chalk layers accumulated, they became increasingly thick and dense, eventually forming a cap-rock that covered the underlying sandstone and mudstone formations. This cap-rock was then subjected to intense weathering and erosion, leading to the formation of a range of landforms including valleys, hills, and ridges.

The NCTF 135 HA has played an important role in the geological history of Surrey, with its deposits providing valuable insights into the region’s past environments. The formation has been extensively studied by geologists, who have used its sedimentary rocks to reconstruct the region’s tectonic evolution and climatic changes over millions of years.

Some key features of the NCTF 135 HA include:

  1. The presence of fossiliferous chalk layers that contain the remains of ancient marine organisms, such as belemnites and ammonites
  2. The formation of distinctive sandstone and mudstone bands that can be seen outcropping in the area today
  3. The evidence for a complex sequence of sea-level changes and tectonic activity during the Cretaceous period
  4. The presence of coal deposits, which were formed from the remains of ancient plants that grew in the region’s wetlands

Overall, the NCTF 135 HA is an important geological formation that provides valuable insights into the history of Surrey and its surrounding regions. Its complex sequence of sedimentary rocks and landforms has been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, climatic changes, and weathering processes.

The NCTF 135 HA site located near Shalford, Surrey, is a significant geological formation that offers valuable insights into the Paleozoic Era’s depositional environments and sedimentary processes.

During the Paleozoic Era, which spanned from approximately 541 to 252 million years ago, the region that is now southern England was a shallow sea that covered much of the area. This marine environment led to the deposition of a variety of sedimentary rocks, including sandstones, siltstones, and shales.

The NCTF 135 HA site is underlain by a succession of Paleozoic deposits, which provide a record of the changing depositional environments and sedimentary processes that operated in the region during this time. The deposits at the site are divided into several distinct lithostratigraphical units, each with its own characteristic features and fossil content.

The lowermost unit at the NCTF 135 HA site is a sequence of sandstones and siltstones from the Lower Devonian period (approximately 416-393 million years ago). These deposits were formed in a shallow marine environment, possibly on a sandy or muddy shelf or slope.

In the Middle Devonian period (approximately 393-382 million years ago), the depositional environment at the NCTF 135 HA site is believed to have changed to a more coastal or estuarine environment. The deposits from this time include shales and mudstones, which were formed in a more tranquil, oxygen-poor environment.

The Upper Devonian period (approximately 382-375 million years ago) saw the return of a shallow marine environment at the NCTF 135 HA site, with the deposition of sandstones and siltstones once again. The deposits from this time are notable for their high concentrations of fossils, including brachiopods, crinoids, and corals.

In the Carboniferous period (approximately 359-299 million years ago), the region that is now southern England was a deep sea that covered much of the area. The deposits from this time at the NCTF 135 HA site include shales and limestones, which were formed in a more oxygen-poor environment.

The Permian period (approximately 299-252 million years ago) saw the deposition of coal-bearing sediments at the NCTF 135 HA site, including peat and lignite. These deposits formed in a variety of environments, including swamps, bogs, and coastal areas.

Throughout the Paleozoic Era, the depositional environments at the NCTF 135 HA site were influenced by changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity. The rocks that make up this sequence provide a valuable record of these changes, allowing geologists to reconstruct the evolution of the region during this time.

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The NCTF 135 HA site is an important location for geological research, providing insights into the depositional environments, sedimentary processes, and fossil history of the Paleozoic Era in southern England. The rocks that make up this sequence have been extensively studied by geologists, who have gained valuable information about the evolution of the region during this time.

Further study of the NCTF 135 HA site has revealed a range of geological features, including cross-bedding, ripple marks, and fossil-rich horizons. These features provide evidence of the complex geological history of the region, including changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity.

The NCTF 135 HA site is also significant for its potential economic resources, including coal deposits that formed during the Permian period. The rocks at this location have been mined historically for their coal-bearing sediments, and further exploration may uncover additional deposits of economic interest.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is a geological formation found near Shalford, Surrey, and it dates back to the Silurian Period, specifically from the Haverfordwestian age, which corresponds to around 433-427 million years ago.

This formation is part of the larger Mid-Wales Lowland sequence, which covers an area of approximately 20 square kilometers in southwest Wales. However, the specific location of NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, demonstrates that this geological unit extends beyond its typical boundaries, providing valuable insights into the geological history of southeastern England.

The Silurian Period was a time of significant volcanic and tectonic activity, which led to the formation of numerous terrestrial and marine environments. The Haverfordwestian age is characterized by the deposition of siliciclastic sediments, such as sandstones, mudstones, and conglomerates, in a variety of fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine settings.

Rock formations within the NCTF 135 HA exhibit characteristics typical of ancient Silurian deposits. The dominant lithologies are comprised of quartz-rich sandstones and siliceous mudstones with varying degrees of cementation. Fossil evidence from this period includes abundant brachiopods, corals, and crinoids, which were characteristic of shallow marine to coastal environments.

The geological context in which the NCTF 135 HA formation was deposited suggests a paleotectonic setting characterized by a combination of fluvial and lacustrine systems. These sediments likely originated from the surrounding areas, including the Bristol Channel and the Welsh Valleys, where ancient rivers deposited siliciclastic loads into the emerging shallow seas.

The presence of NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, implies a link between the geological history of southeastern England and that of Wales. This is consistent with broader paleogeographical reconstructions that suggest close tectonic affinities between these regions during the Silurian Period.

Studying the NCTF 135 HA formation provides valuable information on the tectonic evolution of southeastern England and its connections to other parts of Wales. Understanding the depositional environments, sedimentary processes, and paleogeography of this formation can shed light on the region’s geological past and inform our comprehension of the broader Mesozoic-Early Cretaceous geological history.

The preservation of high-quality fossil assemblages within NCTF 135 HA also presents significant scientific opportunities for research. Studies of these fossils can provide insights into ancient marine ecosystems, palaeoenvironments, and evolutionary relationships between species during the Silurian Period.

The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, refers to a specific geological formation that falls within the Early Devonian Stage.

This stage is characterized by the presence of sandstones and siltstones, which are sedimentary rocks formed from the erosion of pre-existing rocks and the deposition of sediments in a marine environment.

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The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, is composed of these sandstones and siltstones, which were deposited approximately 410 million years ago during the Early Devonian period.

During this time, the region was subjected to tectonic forces that caused the Earth’s crust to be folded and faulted, resulting in the creation of a series of parallel mountain ranges.

The sandstones and siltstones that comprise the NCTF 135 HA were formed from the erosion of these ancient mountains and deposited in a shallow sea that covered the region.

The sediments were then compressed and cemented together to form a cohesive rock unit, which was later uplifted and eroded by subsequent geological events.

The resulting exposure of this sandstone and siltstone formation near Shalford, Surrey, has provided valuable information for geologists studying the regional stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the area.

Some key characteristics of the NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, include:

  1. The presence of cross-bedding, which indicates that the sediments were deposited in a turbulent environment with strong currents;
  2. The presence of ripple marks, which suggest that the sediments were deposited on a sandy beach or shallow sea floor;
  3. The presence of mudstone layers, which indicate that there was a significant amount of sedimentation in a calm and quiet environment.

These characteristics provide valuable insights into the geological history of the region and have helped scientists to reconstruct the environmental conditions under which this rock unit formed.

In terms of its economic significance, the NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, is an important formation for several industries, including:

  • Geology and mining: The sandstones and siltstones that comprise this formation are valuable resources for a range of industrial applications, including construction and infrastructure development;
  • Hydrocarbons: The NCTF 135 HA has been identified as a potential source rock for hydrocarbons, such as oil and gas.
  • Archaeology: The exposure of this formation near Shalford, Surrey, provides valuable information for archaeologists studying the regional history and prehistory;

The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, is an important geological formation that has contributed significantly to our understanding of the region’s geological history.

NCTF 135 HA is a geological formation located near Shalford, Surrey, England, and it dates back to the Mesozoic Era.

The Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles, was a period of significant geological and biological activity that spanned from approximately 252 million to 66 million years ago.

During this era, the supercontinent of Pangaea began to break apart, resulting in the formation of several smaller continents, including Europe, Africa, and North America.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is a type of coal deposit that formed during the Early Jurassic period, around 195 million years ago.

The Early Jurassic was a time of significant volcanic activity, which led to the deposition of large amounts of sediment, including sand, silt, and clay.

Over time, these sediments were compressed and transformed into peat, which eventually became coal through a process known as diagenesis.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is characterized by its high content of maceral matter, particularly vitrinite and liptinite, which are types of organic material that are typically found in coal deposits.

The presence of these macerals suggests that the formation was formed from plant material, such as ferns and cycads, which were abundant during the Early Jurassic period.

Further analysis of the NCTF 135 HA formation has revealed a range of other geological features, including the presence of iron ore and manganese nodules.

The iron ore and manganese nodules are thought to have formed through chemical precipitation, where metal ions from the surrounding water solution precipitated out of solution and accumulated around plant roots or other organic matter.

These geochemical features provide valuable information about the geological history of the area and can be used to reconstruct the environmental conditions under which the formation was deposited.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is an important resource for the extraction of coal, which has been a significant economic driver in the region for centuries.

However, the formation also has cultural and historical significance, with evidence of human activity dating back to prehistoric times.

Archaeological excavations in the area have uncovered artifacts such as flint tools, stone axes, and other remains of ancient hunter-gatherer communities.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is therefore a valuable resource not only for its economic potential but also for its historical and cultural significance.

The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey, refers to a specific stratigraphic formation within the Jurassic Coast Sediments.

This formation is part of the Lower Jurassic Group and can be dated back to the Toarcian stage, approximately 184 million years ago.

Stratigraphically, NCTF 135 HA lies above the Wessex Formation and below the Kimmeridge Clay Formation.

NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey

  • NCTF 135 HA consists of a sequence of mudstones, sandstones, and conglomerates.
  • The formation is characterized by its high concentration of ammonites, particularly the genus Psiloceras.
  • Additionally, the presence of other fossils such as belemnites and crinoids are also characteristic of this formation.

The Jurassic Coast Sediments in this area exhibit a high degree of fossil richness due to their unique geological history.

The Kimmeridge Clay Formation, which overlies NCTF 135 HA, is renowned for its exceptional preservation of fossils, including ammonites and marine reptiles.

The Wessex Formation, which underlies NCTF 135 HA, provides a key horizon for dating the formation.

  1. Geologically, NCTF 135 HA is situated within the Dorset Basin.
  2. The area was once an extension of a shallow marine environment, characterized by deposition of sand and mud.

NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey

NCTF 135 HA holds significant paleontological and geological value due to its representation of a Late Jurassic transgression event.

This event involved the flooding of the coastal area with seawater, resulting in the deposition of sediment and the creation of a new marine environment.

  1. Palaeoenvironments reconstructed for NCTF 135 HA suggest a shallow marine setting with high energy currents.
  2. The presence of cross-bedding and ripples indicates a dynamic and turbulent environment.

NCTF 135 HA is an important unit in the Jurassic Coast Sediments, providing valuable insights into the geological history and paleoenvironments of the region.

The *NCTF* 135 HA formation near Shalford, Surrey, represents a significant stratigraphic unit within the *2.2 Cretaceous Period*, spanning a critical phase in the Earth’s geological history.

During this period, the supercontinent of *_Gondwana_* was still in its formation, and the continents that would eventually form Europe, Africa, and South America were slowly moving into place. The *NCTF* 135 HA formation is characterized by a sequence of *_claystones*_ and *_shales_*, which are fine-grained sedimentary rocks composed primarily of clays and silts.

The *_claystones_* in this formation are typically dark grey to black in color, with a high content of *montmorillonite clay minerals* and other _*kaolinite_*. These minerals are derived from the weathering and erosion of feldspar-rich rocks that were abundant during this period. The *_shales_*, on the other hand, may contain a mixture of clay minerals, including _*quartz*_ and _*feldspar_*, as well as smaller amounts of _*calcite*_ and _*glauconite_*.

The sedimentary environment in which these rocks formed is believed to have been a shallow sea or coastal plain. The *_claystones_* may represent a sequence of deposits from this environment, while the *_shales_* could be a mix of terrigenous and marine sediments.

Geochemical analysis of the *_NCTF_* 135 HA formation has revealed a range of _*traces of ancient life forms_*, including _*fossilized algae and bacteria_*, as well as _*biogenic silica_*. These findings provide valuable insights into the early evolution of life on Earth.

The stratigraphic significance of the *_NCTF_* 135 HA formation is further underscored by its presence in the *_Western Tethys Ocean Basin_*, which was a key area for marine sedimentation during the Cretaceous Period. The formation’s correlation with other _*Cretaceous Period*_ rocks across Europe and Asia provides a valuable framework for understanding the geological history of these regions.

From a _*palynological_* perspective, the *_NCTF_* 135 HA formation yields a range of fossilized _*spores and pollen grains_*, which can be used to reconstruct ancient ecosystems and infer environmental conditions. These microfossils also provide valuable information on the biogeography and migration patterns of plants and animals during this period.

Stable isotope analysis of *_NCTF_* 135 HA formation has shed light on the paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during this time. For example, _*oxygen isotope_*, _*carbon isotope_*, and _*sulfur isotope_*, among other stable isotopes, provide valuable information on ancient ocean chemistry, climate, and vegetation patterns.

The *_NCTF_* 135 HA formation has also been the subject of numerous studies related to _*hydrocarbon generation and migration_*. The presence of _*kerogen-rich sedimentary rocks_* in this formation suggests that it may be a source rock for hydrocarbons, and further research is needed to determine its potential as a reservoir or source rock.

The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey refers to a specific geological area characterized by post-glacial deposits.

These deposits are remnants of the last ice age, which ended approximately 11,700 years ago.

The glacial period that preceded this time was much colder and had a significant impact on the landscape and geology of the area.

During this time, massive glaciers carved out the terrain and left behind a legacy of glacial features and deposits.

In the NCTF 135 HA region near Shalford, Surrey, these post-glacial deposits are evident in the form of drifts and moraines.

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Drifts refer to unsorted masses of sediment that were transported by ice sheets and deposited in a new location.

Moraines are formed when glacial ice scrapes up rocks and soil from the underlying landscape, leaving behind a ridge or mound.

In this area, the post-glacial deposits include till, which is a type of unsorted sediment that was carried by ice sheets.

Till can contain a wide range of materials, including rocks, soil, and even roots of plants that were present in the landscape at the time.

Other types of deposits found in this area include fluvial sediments, which are formed from river sediments, and eolian sediments, which are formed through wind action.

The combination of these different deposits provides valuable information about the geological history of the area and can help scientists to reconstruct the past environment.

In addition, the study of post-glacial deposits in the NCTF 135 HA region near Shalford, Surrey, can also inform our understanding of present-day environmental issues, such as climate change and sea-level rise.

The presence of certain types of sediments, such as glacial erratics, can also provide clues about past glaciation events.

Glacial erratics are rocks that have been transported by glaciers from their original location to a new location, often far away from the source.

By studying these erratics and other geological features, scientists can gain insights into the extent and timing of past glaciations in this region.

The post-glacial deposits found in the NCTF 135 HA area near Shalford, Surrey, are an important part of the region’s geological heritage and continue to be studied by scientists today.

NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey refers to a geological Formation and its associated deposits located in southern England.

This formation falls within the Late Pleistocene period, marking the last glacial maximum of the Quaternary glaciation cycle.

The geological context of NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey is characterized by a sequence of sand and gravel deposits.

These deposits were formed through a combination of fluvial and eolian processes, with the majority of the material sourced from glacial till that had been transported and deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

The formation consists of a series of alternating layers of sand and gravel, which provide valuable information about the geological history of the region.

  • Stratigraphical position: The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey is situated at a stratigraphical level above the Hoxnian interglacial deposits and below the Devesonian interglacial deposits.
  • Age: The formation dates back to the Late Pleistocene period, with estimated ages ranging from approximately 125,000 to 40,000 years ago.
  • Parent material: The parent material for these deposits is glacial till, which was transported and deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the Quaternary glaciation cycle.
  • Morphology: The NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey is characterized by a series of alternating layers of sand and gravel, with varying grain sizes and sedimentary structures.

These deposits have been used as a reference for various geological studies, including palaeoecological, geomorphological, and archaeological research in the region.

The study of NCTF 135 HA near Shalford, Surrey provides valuable insights into the late Quaternary environment and climate history of southern England.

NCTF 135 HA Near Shalford, Surrey refers to a specific geotechnical site investigation report, likely compiled by the National Coal Transmission Fund or another relevant authority.

This report is associated with an area of interest near the village of Shalford in Surrey, England, which has been subjected to various geological and environmental studies due to its Holocene alluvium deposits.

The site of NCTF 135 HA is situated within a region that has experienced significant sedimentation over the past few thousand years, with deposits from ancient rivers forming a layer of 3.2 Holocene alluvium. This geological formation consists of layers of clay, silt, and sand deposited by the River Thames and its tributaries.

The presence of this Holocene alluvium poses specific challenges for any site-related investigations or developments within the area. It can be characterized by its high water table, low permeability, and potential for groundwater contamination due to nearby agricultural activities.

In order to address these issues, the NCTF 135 HA report likely includes a range of data and analyses, including:

  1. Geological mapping and sampling: This involves the identification and characterization of different rock types, soils, and other geological formations within the site area.
  2. Hydrogeological studies: These investigate the movement and quality of water in the subsurface, which is critical for understanding groundwater flow patterns and potential contaminants.
  3. Sedimentation analysis: This can provide valuable insights into the history of sediment deposition and erosion over the past few thousand years, helping to understand the evolution of the site’s geology.
  4. Ecofouling risk assessments: Given the location near a riverine environment, it is possible that ecofouling (the attachment of organisms onto surfaces) could pose issues for any future development or infrastructure in the area.

These investigations and analyses would likely form part of the comprehensive site report, offering valuable insights into the geological and hydrological conditions within the NCTF 135 HA site near Shalford, Surrey.

The findings from this report could inform a range of decisions related to land use, development, and environmental management in the area. For example, they might be used to:

  • Assess potential sites for infrastructure development or new construction projects.
  • Determine suitable locations for waste disposal facilities or other industrial activities.
  • Influence planning policies and strategies at local and regional levels.
  • Guide environmental management practices to mitigate risks associated with groundwater contamination, ecofouling, and other concerns.

By understanding the geological and hydrological characteristics of the site through a detailed investigation like the NCTF 135 HA report, stakeholders can make more informed decisions about the use of land in the area, minimizing potential risks and ensuring sustainable development practices.

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